2 Samuel 1 explained: David Mourns Saul and Jonathan

A messenger's story (vv. 1-10)

A man arrives showing signs of grief and claims he finished off the dying Saul at Saul's own request, bringing Saul's crown and royal armband as proof. The previous chapter says Saul killed himself, so most interpreters think the man was lying, hoping David would reward him for removing his rival.

Grief instead of celebration (vv. 11-12)

Instead of rejoicing that the king who had hunted him was gone, David and his men tear their clothes, weep and go without food until evening. They mourn Saul, Jonathan and the whole defeated army of Israel.

The messenger is executed (vv. 13-16)

Saul had been anointed with oil as the king the LORD chose, and David had refused to harm him for that reason, so he treats the man's claim as a confession and has him killed. It is a harsh act, and it also made public that David had no part in Saul's death.

A song to be taught (vv. 17-18)

David has his lament taught to the people of Judah, and it was recorded in the Book of Jashar, an ancient collection of songs now lost. Its name refers to the bow, perhaps Jonathan's bow or training in archery, but scholars are not sure why.

Lament for fallen heroes (vv. 19-24)

The slain gazelle, a picture of beauty, may stand for Saul, Jonathan or both, and David begs that the news not reach the Philistine cities where the enemy would gloat. He curses the hills where they fell, mourns Saul's shield left unoiled (leather shields were oiled to keep them supple), and praises both men's courage.

Grief for Jonathan (vv. 25-27)

The song turns personal as David mourns Jonathan, whose love he calls more wonderful than the love of women. Most readers take this as deep loyal friendship, while some modern readers see romantic love in it; the text itself does not say more.

Key verse: 2 Samuel 1:19

Something to think about

Is it possible to grieve honestly for someone who also hurt you, and what might that grief look like?